精神科护士面对工作场所暴力的心境分析及心理调适

The mood analysis and psychological adjustment of psychiatric nurses suffered from workplace violence

目的 :分析精神科护士遭受工作场所暴力后护士的心境状态及心理调适方式。方法 :选取北京3家三级甲等精神病专科医院的护士183人作为研究对象,进行简明心境量表(POMS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、总体幸福感量表(GWB)及自制问卷进行调查。结果 :1根据自制调查问卷统计,一年内受过职场暴力伤害的护士占82.0%,一年内受3种以上种类伤害的占54.1%,一个月受过职场暴力伤害的护士占69.4%,一个月内受3种以上种类伤害的占36.6%,一年内受伤害次数大于3次的占70.0%;2按一个月内是否受到伤害分类,护士在SAS、愤怒、疲劳、压抑、慌乱、POMS总分、幸福指数总分方面存在统计学差异(P<0.05);3将护士工作场所暴力的客观资料与量表因子之间进行相关性分析,结果显示SAS、疲劳与工作年限呈正相关,精力、自我相关情绪与工作年限呈负相关;SAS、疲劳与年龄呈正相关,自我相关情绪与年龄呈负相关;SDS、SAS、愤怒、疲劳、压抑、慌张、POMS总分与一年内受伤次数呈正相关,幸福指数与一年内受伤次数呈负相关;SAS、愤怒、疲劳、压抑、慌张、POMS总分与一个月内受伤种类呈正相关,幸福指数与一个月内受伤种类呈负相关。结论 :精神科护士在面对工作场所暴力后心境状态及心理状态都会变差,管理者应加强精神科护士应对工作场所暴力的心理疏导及调适,并且提供有针对性的培训及应对方法,以改善精神科护士的心理状态。

Objective： To explore the psychological state and psychological adjustment of psychiatric nurses suffered from workplace violence. Methods： 183 nurses from tertiary grade A psychiatric hospitals in Beijing were selected. The survey questionnaires include POMS, SAS, SDS, GWB and self-developed questionnaire. Results： ① There were 82.0% of the nurses suffered from workplace violence within one year, 54.1% suffered more than three types of injuries within one year; 69.4% were injured by workplace violence within one month, 36.6% suffered more than 3 types of injuries; 70.0% were injured more than 3 times in one year. ② According to whether injured in a month, we divided the nurses into two groups. The scores of nurses in SAS, anger, fatigue, depression, panic, POMS and happiness index were significantly different between the two groups （P〈0.05）. ③Our study analyzed the correlation between the objective data of the nurses＇ workplace violence and the factors of the scales, and the results showed that working years and the score of SAS, fatigue were positive correlated, and working year and energy, self-related mood were negative correlated; age and the score of SAS, fatigue were positive correlated, and age and self-related mood was positive correlated; injured times positively correlated with the score of SDS, the score of SAS, anger, fatigue, depression, panic and POMS total score, and negatively correlated with happiness index; the injured types in a month positively correlated with the score of SAS, anger, fatigue, depressive, panic and POMS total score, and negatively correlated with happiness index. Conclusion： The mood and psychological state were bad after facing workplace violence in psychiatric nurses. To improve the mental state of psychiatric nurses, the managers should strengthen the counseling and adjustment, and provide targeted training and coping methods for psychiatric nurses suffered from workplace violence.