护士职业认同、职业倦怠对离职意愿影响的研究

Influence of nurse's career identity and job burnout on turnover intention

目的 :调查护士的职业认同、职业倦怠和离职意愿状况,分析护士职业认同和职业倦怠对离职意愿的影响。方法 :采用方便抽样法对全国不同级别医院的792名护士,采用护士职业认同量表、马氏人际工作者倦怠量表和离职意愿量表进行调查。结果 :792名护士的职业认同总均分为(5.30±0.92)分;情感耗竭条目均分为(2.82±1.23)分,去人格化条目均分为(1.77±1.39)分,个人成就感条目均分为(4.01±1.18)分;离职意愿得分为(15.59±3.35)分。护士离职意愿受聘用方式、一致感、自我效力感、情感耗竭的影响。结论 :护士职业认同感有待提高,职业倦怠严重,严重地影响了护士的离职意愿程度,教育和卫生部门应采取有效措施,减轻护士工作压力,提高护士职业认同感,降低护士的职业倦怠,减少有离职意愿护士的数量,以稳定护士队伍,保证临床护理质量。

Objective： To investigate the status of nurses＇ career identity, job burnout and turnover intention, and the influencing factors of turnover intention. Methods： A total of 792 nurses were surveyed using general information questionnaire, Career Identity Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory and turnover intention scale. Results： The mean score of career identity was 5.30±0.92, the score of emotional exhaustion was 2.82±1.23, the score of depersonalization was 1.77±1.39, the score of personal accomplishment was 4.01＋1.18, and the score of turnover intention scale was 15.59±3.35. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that major influencing factors for nurses to quit their job included employment way, coherence, self-potency, emotional exhaustion. Conclusion： The nurses＇ career identity is low and the job burnout is serious, which seriously affects the level of nurses＇ turnover intention. The education and health departments should take steps to change the situation and status of nurses, improve the nurse＇s career identity and reduce the job burnout in order to decrease the nurses＇ turnover intention and improve stability of nurses.