北京市房山区2014-2015年流感病原学监测结果分析

Etiological analysis of influenza surveillance data in Fangshan District of Beijing from 2014 to 2015

目的通过对北京市房山区2014-2015年流感病原学的监测结果进行分析，了解房山区流感病毒的流行特征。方法采集房山区哨点医院流感样病例的咽拭子标本1339份，用荧光定量PCR法检测核酸及亚型，同时进行流感病毒分离及血凝实验（HA）检测。结果2014年1月6日-2015年12月28日，共采集1339份流感样病例咽拭子，荧光定量PCR法检测核酸阳性数为215例（阳性率为16．06％），其中甲型H1N1流感病毒32株，甲型H3N2流感病毒107株，乙型流感病毒76株。病毒分离阳性数为148例（阳性分离率为11．05％）。本年度第2-6周和第48-52周流感阳性率较高，且第2-6周以甲型H1N1和乙型流感病毒为主，第48-52周以甲型H3N2流感病毒为主。结论房山区2014-2015年流感高发季节为第2-6周和第48-52周，上半年致病病原体以甲型H1N1流感病毒和乙型流感病毒为主，下半年以H3N2流感病毒为主，不同性别之间各亚型流感病毒的阳性率构成比无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。

Objective To analyze the results on etiological surveillance of influenza in Fangshan District from 2014 to 2015, so as to forecast the prevalence trend of influenza. Methods Throat swab samples were collected from influenza-like cases and were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR method and virus isolation. Results A total of 1339 throat swab samples from influenza-like cases were collected. Viral nucleic acid was positive in 215 samples （positive detection rate, 16.06%）, including 32 samples of influenza A （H1N1） virus, 107 samples of influenza A （H3N2） virus, 76 samples of influenza B virus. One hundred and forty-eight strains of influenza viruses were isolated by cell culturing （positive separation rate, 11.05%）. The positive rates of influenza in periods of the 2nd to the 64 week and the 484 to the 52nd week of the year were higher. The main influenza virus subtypes were influenza A （H1N1） virus and influenza B virus in period of the 2^nd to the 64 weeks, and influenza A （H3N2） virus in the 484 to the 52nd weeks. Conclusions The peak time of influenza in Fangshan District was the periods of the 2^nd to the 64 weeks and the 484 to the 52^nd weeks of the year from 2014 to 2015. In the first half of the year, the predominant strains were influenza A （H 1N 1） virus and influenza B virus. In the second half of the year, only influenza A （H3N2） virus was found. No significant difference was found in each subtype of influenza virus in different genders （P 〉 0.05）.