张以宁论诗论文之道探析

A Study of Zhang Yining's View on Poetry

张以宁论诗打上元代"宗唐抑宋"诗学取向的鲜明烙印,严羽诗论与朱子理学对其影响十分深刻。他主张诗"发之情性之真",又认为诗具有音乐性,诗与画的关系密切,诗主情,也要有一定的"理",客观上,从诗与人的心灵、诗与音乐、诗与画、诗与问学的关系等方面阐释了诗的本质问题。关于诗与外部世界的关系,他认为诗与"世"、诗与地域文化的关系密切。诗的创作在于根本,"根本盛且大",关键在于复古,"先古其性情,非徒古其词",具体而言,就是诗宗盛唐,学李、杜为主,也兼学各家,不能生搬硬套,而应融汇众家,自成一家。张以宁的诗美追求可概括为:古、正、醇、厚、雅、趣、悟。张以宁论文,与论诗一样,标举"复古"。复古是其论文的出发点,其落脚点乃在于提振积弱的元代散文品格。其论文要点可归结为:复古、宗经、明道、师韩、重文、修养。

Zhang Yining＇s view on poetry owns a distinctive poetic orientation, which is featured with ＂appreciating Tang Dynasty and depreciating Song Dynasty＂ in Yuan Dynasty. Both Yan Yu＇s poetics and Zhu Xi＇s theory has a profound influence on him. He advocates poem should express the truth of love, poem has music characteristics and has a certain reason. He explores the essence of poetry from the relationship between poem and human mind, poem and music, poem and painting, poem and learning. Viewing the relationship between poetry and outside world, he believes that poetry is closely related to the world and regional culture. The creation of age of Tang Dynasty, learn from Li, Du and other school, integrate them and form own poetry should uphold glorious feature. Zhang Yining＇s view on poetic beauty can be summarized as antiquity, elegance, fun and enlightenment. Similar with his view on poetry, Zhang Yining＇s view on essay advocates retro. The aim of view on essay can be attributed to appreciate retro, study retro is to revive weak essay style in Yuan Dynasty. His Confucian classics, learn from Han, cultivate knowledge and taste.