老年痴呆照顾者对虐待老人认知的定性研究

Cognition of Elder Abuse Among Dementia Caregivers:A qualitative study

目的深入了解老年痴呆照顾者对虐待老人的认知,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用现象学研究方法,对10名老年痴呆家庭照顾者和8名机构照顾者进行深度访谈,运用Colaizzi的关于现象学资料的7步分析法分析资料。结果老年痴呆照顾者对虐待老人的认知可归纳为以下4个主题:(1)对虐待老人的理解局限,以有意的打骂和疏于照顾为主;(2)虐待老人的原因多为孝心、责任心缺失;(3)应通过自我约束减少虐待;(4)对虐待老人的危害性认识不足,大多以可见的躯体伤害为主,对痴呆患者受虐感知不确定。结论老年痴呆照顾者能够认识到虐待老人是错误行为,但对其缺乏全面的认识。对此,应加大相关知识的宣传力度,明确"虐待老人"的定义,提高痴呆照顾者对虐待老人的认知,通过法律和社会支持,减少虐待行为的发生。

Objective To deeply understand the dementia caregivers＇ cognition of the elder abuse, in order to provide reference for effective interventions.Methods Phenomenology method was used, in-depth interviews were conducted among 10 dementia family caregivers and 8 institutional caregivers. Seven-steps Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Results The cognition of elder abuse among dementia caregivers were extracted in following 4 themes：l.limitation of the understanding of the elder abuse, mainly focus on intentional physical violence and verbal violence, as well as neglect; 2.considering reason from perspective of caregivers themselves, mainly from the aspects of filial piety and sense of responsibility; 3. self-restraint to reduce abuse; 4. insufficient understanding of the dangers of elder abuse, giving visible physical injury as a focus, having uncertainty in the perception of the dementia abuse.Conclusions Dementia caregivers can recognize that elder abuse is wrong; however, they have lack of the knowledge towards eider abuse.It is still very necessary for the improvement of the coverage of elder abuse related knowledge among dementia caregivers, and a clear definition of ＂elder abuse＂ is also important, so as to improve the cognition of the elder abuse among dementia caregivers, through legal and social support to decrease the occurrence of elder abuse.