老山芹生长发育规律及主要性状相关性分析

Growth and development rule and correlation analysis of main characters of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance

试验研究老山芹植株生长发育过程及各性状间相关关系,为老山芹人工大面积栽培提供理论依据。观察老山芹植株物候期,测量从展叶期至种子发育期植株和种子主要形态学指标,分析主要性状相关性。结果表明,老山芹植株生长发育过程可分为宿根萌发期、展叶期、现蕾期、抽薹期、开花期、种子发育期及种子收获期七个阶段;依据株高和最大叶片面积生长发育变化曲线,将展叶后植株形态发育过程划分为缓慢增长期、迅速增长期和停滞增长期三个阶段,其中展叶第10~20天是老山芹嫩茎叶可大量采摘食用适宜时期;依据种子形态变化,可将种子发育过程划分为迅速膨大期、缓慢生长期和收获期三个时期,其中种子发育第5~20天是种子干物质迅速积累重要时期,35 d后即开始分批采收种子,种子发育过程种皮颜色经历深绿、翠绿、枯黄和褐色四个阶段。老山芹叶轴-叶面积之间存在异速生长关系,老山芹植株冠幅是多个形态指标共同调节结果,这些形态指标对种子干物质积累及种子形态影响显著。

In this study,the growth and development process of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance.Plants and the relationships among morphological characters of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance plants were studied.Therefore,it could provide a theoretical basis for artificially cultivating celery in large area and developing forest economy.The phenological phase of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance plants were observed.And the main morphological characters of the seed and plant were measured from the leaf expansion stage to the seed development stage.Then the relationships among the main characters were analyzed.The results indicated that the growth and development process of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance plants could be divided into seven stages：the sprouting stage,the leaf expansion stage,the budding stage,the bolting stage,the flowering stage,the seed development stage and the seed harvesting stage.Furthermore,based on the growth and development curve of plant height and maximum leaf area,the process of plant morphology after leaf expansion could be divided into three stages：the plant height rapid growth stage,the plant height slow growth stage,the plant height stagnant growth stage.The results showed that it was an appropriate time for the stems and leaves of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance to be picked as food on 10-20 d after leaf expansion stage.In addition,based on the morphological changes of seeds,the process of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds could be divided into three periods：the rapid swelling stage,the slow growth stage,the harvest stage.It was an importation period for dry matter to be rapidly accumulated in seed on 5-20 d after seed development.And the Heracleum moellendorffii Hance seeds could be harvested after 35 d of the seed development.During the growth and development of seeds,the color of seed coat experienced four stages which were dark green,emerald green,withered yellow and brown successively.And an allometric growth relationship between the leaf-axis and the leaf area were found in this study.Besides,the crown width size of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance was regulated by several morphological indices,which performed significant effects on the accumulation of dry matter and morphology in seed.