大城市边缘区城镇化区位特征和发展阶段研究

Research on urbanization location characteristics and development stage of metropolis fringe

基于系统聚类、空间聚类NDBI指数和监督分类分析方法,分析全中国省会城市、副省级城市和计划单列市的城市边缘区城镇化区位特征和发展阶段.研究表明:以距离大城市政府中心距离为衡量标准,研究样本区位特征可以划分为延续型(近距离)城市边缘区、毗连型(中等距离)城市边缘区以及飞地型(远距离)3种类型,3种不同类型所对应的指标存在明显的空间类型差异.在边缘区城镇化发展阶段可以划分为初期发展阶段、中期发展阶段和后期发展阶段三大类,以及中期发展阶段中的7个亚类,与其对应的人口密度和开发强度存在较大的空间差异.产业园区的发展、人口集聚的加速以及生活设施的不断完善在大城市边缘区城镇化发展过程中体现的不同区位特征和发展阶段特征方面发挥着重要的作用.

In the process of rapid urbanization,the metropolis fringe is always the frontier and core space of urbanization.The urbanization location characteristics and development stage of metropolis fringe is affected by many factors.Analyzing these factors and its impact mechanism is of great significance to promote orderly and coordinated development of metropolitan fringe.Based on three methods of system clustering,the NDBI index of spatial clustering and the supervised classification,we make an analysis of the urbanization location characteristics and development stage of metropolis fringe in provincial capital cities,sub provincial cities and separately planned cities.The results suggest the following findings：First,taking the distance between government center of metropolis and its fringe as a measuring criterion,the location characteristics of research samples can be divided into three types,which are＂continuation＂type area which is very close to the government center of metropolis,＂adjacent＂type area which is a little farther from the government center of metropolis than above type area,and＂enclave＂type area which is far away from the metropolis center and has no direct connection with the metropolis in space.The indicators,corresponding to the three different location characteristics types,exist obvious spatial type differences.Second,the urbanization development stage of the metropolis fringe can also be divided into three stages：the initial stage of development,the middle stage of development and the late stage of development.In addition,the middle stage of development can be divided into seven subclasses.The corresponding indexes to the middle stage of development are population density and development intensity and there is a large spatial difference in the corresponding mdexes.Third,the development of industrial parks,the acceleration of population agglomeration and the continuous improvement of living facilities play an important role in the characteristics of different location and development stage embodied in the process of urbanization in the metropolitan fringe.