不同灌溉水矿化度对土壤水盐动态及春玉米产量影响研究

Effect of irrigation water salinity on soil water salt dynamic and spring maize yield

在甘肃省石羊河流域开展春玉米咸水灌溉田间试验,通过测定土壤含水量、土壤含盐量、作物生长及产量指标,研究不同灌溉水矿化度对土壤水盐动态及春玉米产量的影响。研究结果表明咸水灌溉处理土壤含水量高于淡水灌溉处理,且随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,土壤含水量越大;各土层土壤含盐量和盐分累积量随着灌溉水矿化度的增加而增大,灌溉水矿化度为3 g/L的咸水灌溉土壤盐分主要累积在40~80 cm土层,而在0~40 cm土层累积量较少。随着灌溉水矿化度的增加,春玉米的生长和产量均逐渐下降,与淡水灌溉处理相比,3 g/L的咸水灌溉减产幅度为11.16%。该研究区在淡水资源短缺的情况下,短时期采用灌溉水矿化度低于3 g/L的地下水进行农田灌溉,盐分不会在土壤产生大量累积,对作物生长和产量影响较小,可以用于生产实践。

A field experiment was conducted under saline water irrigation with spring maize in Shiyang River basin in Gansu Province.The soil water content,soil salt content,spring maize growth and yield index were measured for studying the effects of irrigation water salinity on soil water salt dynamic and spring maize yield.The research results show that the soil water content under saline water irrigation was higher than that under fresh water irrigation.With the increase of irrigation water salinity,soil water content gradually increased.It was noted that soil salt content and soil salt accumulation gradually increased with increase in irrigation water salinity.The soil salinity largely accumulated in the 40-80 cm layer and slightly accumulated in the 0-40 cm layer with irrigation water salinity of 3g/L.It was observed that spring maize growth and yield decreased with increase in irrigation water salinity.The spring maize yield following saline water irrigation with 3 g/L decreased by 11.16% compared with fresh water irrigation.The soil salinity was not largely accumulated in soil and the spring growth and maize yield were not greatly affected if the water salinity was not more than 3 g/l for a short period time under shortage of fresh water in research area.It can be applied in production practice.