多种城市地表形态的局地气候分析

Local Climatic Analysis of Multiple Urban Surface Morphology

为了有效地分析不同城市地表形态的局地气候特性,本文选取了6种具有典型城市地表形态的局地区域作为研究对象,利用定点气象参数监测与受试者对局地空间环境的主观热感觉评价相结合的方法,对6种局地空间区域内部的风速、黑球温度、空气温度、相对湿度进行了分析,并进一步讨论了局地热岛强度(UHII)与群众"适中"感觉比率(TMR)的差异性。研究结果表明:不同城市地表形态所产生的局地气象参数有着显著的差异,且各测点的UHII值分布在-0.5~3.5℃之间,TMR值分布在10%~35%之间,其中,紧凑高层建筑区有助于形成城市"冷岛效应"并提高居民热舒适感觉。在地表形态特性参数中,地理粗糙度等级对局地气候影响最大,适当地降低天空角系数、表面吸热量、表面反射率,且适当提高街道高宽比、建筑平均高度、地理粗糙度等级有利于可持续生态环境的建设。

In order to analyze the local climatic characteristics under different urban surface morphology, six local areas with typical urban surface morphology were selected as the study object. By combining the methods of monitoring meteorological parameters of each test site and the corresponding thermal sensation evaluations, the meteorological parameters including wind speed, globe temperature, air temperature and relative humidity were analyzed. The urban heat island intensity （UHII） and the thermal moderate sensation ratio （TMR） were discussed. Results showed that the local climatic environments within these six local areas are significantly different. Their local UHII values vary from -0.5℃ to 3.5 ℃ while the TMR values vary between 10% and 35%. Among the local areas, the compact high-rise building areas contribute to present urban cold island effect and improve the moderate thermal sensation. Of the surface morphology characteristic parameters, the terrain roughness class has the biggest influence on local climate. To help generate the sustainable ecological local environment, it is necessary to appropriately lower the values of sky view factor, surface admittance and surface albedo and increase the values of H/W, buildings＇ average height, and terrain roughness class.