当前我国人力资本发展面临的问题与对策——以制造业为例

Problems and Countermeasures in the Development of Human Capital in China—— A Case Study of Manufacturing Industry

人力资本对经济发展和国家富强的重要作用已被广泛认同。对于人力资本,可按照性质、形成方式、专用程度、发挥作用范围等标准进行分类。当前形势下,我国人力资本发展面临一系列问题,而作为改革重点的制造业,其人力资本发展暴露的问题尤为典型和突出。如在人力资本结构方面,异质型、专业型和管理应用型人力资本缺乏;在人力资本质量方面,人力资本质量低下、数量不足以及国际化程度低;在人力资本培养体系方面,人力资本培养认知、高等院校学科建设及企业培训体系等存在误区。对此,可从社会层面、企业层面和个人层面探讨相关应对措施。

It has been widely accepted that human capital plays an important role in economic development and country powerful. The human capital can be classified according to the nature, the degree of formation and dedication, the scope of work standards. The human capital development of our country faces a series of problems in current situation. As the key part of re- formation, the problems in the manufacturing industry exposed are especially typical. In terms of human capital structure, the problem is the lack of the heterogeneous type human capital, professional type human capital and the management applied hu- man capital. In terms of quality of human capital, the problem is the low quality of human capital, shortage and low degree of internationalization. In the aspect of culture system of human capital, the problem is the misunderstanding of human capital culture cognition, discipline construction in colleges and universities, the enterprise training system etc. To resolve these prob- lems, the countermeasures can be put from the social level, enterprise level and personal level.