明清小说评点中的“学”范畴

The Category of Learning in Novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

"学"是明清小说评点中主体性素质范畴之一。小说作者或评点家往往才学兼备,"学"是"才"得以产生的基础和动力。小说正文和小说评点均饱含了作者和评点者的深厚学识,读者从中可收获广博知识,提升学问。小说的通俗性决定了小说中"学"的有限性,小说中的"学"应无损小说的艺术之美,"学"的成分的多寡亦不能成为衡量文学艺术作品好坏的标准。小说评点家用丰厚的学识为读者"揭出一段精神"。纵然"学"是明清小说评点中的重要范畴之一,但小说的地位并没有因为具有了"学"的成分而提高到举足轻重的位置。

Learning is one of the subjective categories in the novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The authors or critics of the novels tend to be both talented and knowledgeable. Learning is the basis of talents. The contents and the comments of the novels are the reflection of the authors and the critics＇ knowledge, from which the readers can gain knowledge and enhance learning. The popularity of the novels have determined that the learning inside the novels is limited. Learning in the novels should be no harm to the beauty of the novels. And the amount of the learning cannot decide whether the novel is good or bad. The critics of the novels using their knowledge to reveal the spirit of the novels for the readers. Although learning is very im- portant,the status of the novels had not increased to a pivotal position.