“宪法体系化”再思考——限权宪法原理下的限权原则体系与宪法价值秩序

Systematic Thinking on Constitution:Based on the Principles and Core Values of Constitutionalism

在宪法理论上,一个国家的宪法价值秩序体现着这个国家宪法的精神。因此,一个国家的宪法理论首先要解决宪法基本价值秩序的确立与论证。宪法价值秩序的论证在法学方法手段上需要通过建构宪法体系化来完成和凸显。应重返现代宪法政治基本价值原理,运用现代法学方法论的内部体系思维,以我国宪法第一章第5条"依法治国条款"作为最高的"结构性条款"统领全部统治机构条款,形成具有现代宪法政治理论底蕴的"法治国原则",以之作为我国宪法限权体系的总原则。由此,以第一章的"法治国原则"与第二章的"人权原则"作为宪法上具有最根本支配力的最高法伦理原则,初步建构起我国宪法体系化二元结构,形成我国宪法价值秩序的理论框架。在我国宪法理论面临诸多价值迷思的情势下,"内部体系"思维及依托这种思维确立的"宪法根本原则体系"能为我们打开新的思路去解决我国在宪法方法论领域出现的"方法"之争,在宪法价值论领域出现的"方向"之争。

On constitutional theory,there is a prescriptive approach addressing what a constitution should be,and to describe what constitutional spirits are. So the study of constitution is necessarily synonymous with the study of constitutionalism,its primary concerns include the values,the philosophy and the underpinnings of constitutional state. This paper will seek to ask and answer how should the chinese constitution be interpreted according to the universal principles of constitutionalism. The theoretical approach resorts to so-called Internal Systematic Thinking which is popular in German legal-methodology,it focuses on establishing proper relationship between those intrinsic characters of a constitutional state and those crucial articles in Chinese constitution law. In Chinese constitution law,the article 5 of chapter I,general confirms the supremacy of the constitution and the law,the article 33 of Chapter II,the fundamental rights and duties of citizens requires the State respect and preserve human rights,the two articles are of great importance for designing and achieving constitutional government. The paper regards the two articles as the leading standards of limited constitution and the core value of constitutional political order,defining what the whole constitutional interpretation should obey. Reaffirming such interpretation philosophy will help to resolve the ideological disputes in China legal scholars.