播期和播量对冬小麦尧麦16群体性状和产量的影响

Effect of Sowing Date and Sowing Amount on Population Traits and Yield of Winter Wheat Cultivar Yaomai 16

为确定高产小麦尧麦16的适宜播期和播量,采用田间裂区设计,研究不同播期和播量对该品种群体性状、产量结构及产量的影响。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,小麦营养生长期缩短,成熟期却不推迟。同一播期下,播量对小麦生育进程无影响;早播增加冬前至拔节期总茎数,而对生育后期总茎数无影响。增加播量可显著增加各生育时期总茎数;随着播期推迟,同一播量水平的干物质积累量明显降低。相同播期下,干物质积累量、叶面积指数随播量的增加而递增;相同播量下,随着播期的推迟叶面积指数降低。小麦叶面积指数随生育时期的推进先升高后下降,在抽穗期达到最大。随着播量增加,产量和有效穗数逐渐增加,穗粒数和千粒重呈下降趋势;与播量相比,播期对尧麦16产量及产量结构的影响较大。尧麦16的最佳播期为10月7日,播量为300×10~4粒·hm^(-2);9月27日至10月2日播种,播量为225×10~4粒·hm^(-2),10月12日至10月17日播种,播量为375×10~4粒·hm^(-2),也可以获得较高的产量。

In order to determine th＇e suitable sowing date and sowing amount for high yield wheat varie- ty Yaomai 16, with a split plo＇t design, the effects of different sowing date and sowing amount on pop- ulation traits, yield components and yield were investigated. Results showed that with the delay of so- wing date, the vegetative growth period of wheat was shortened, but the maturity date was not de- layed. Under the same sowing date, the sowing amount had no effect on the wheat growth process. Early sowing increased the total number of stems from winter to jointing stage, but had no effect on the total number of stem at late growth stage. Increasing the sowing amount significantly increased the total stem number in each growth period. With the delay of sowing date, the amount of dry matter accumulation under the same sowing amount was decreased obviously. The amount of dry matter ac- cumulation was increased with the increase of sowing amount at the same period. The leaf area index was increased with the increase of sowing amount under the same sowing date, and with the delay of sowing date, the leaf area index was decreased. The leaf area index under different sowing dates was increased first and then decreased with the increasing of growth stage, and reached the maximum at heading stage. Increasing sowing amount, yield and panicle number were increased, but grain number per spike and 1 000 grain weight were decreased. Compared sowing date with sowing amount, the effect of sowing date on yield and yield components was greater. According to the sowing date and so- wing amount interaction analysis, the optimum sowing date and sowing amount for Yaomai 16 is on October 7 and 300× 10^4 grains · hm^-2, respectively. Sowing period during September 27 to October 2, with sowing amount of 225× 10^4 grains · hm^-2 or sowing date during October 12 to October 17, with sowing amount of 375 × 10^4 grains · hm^-2 can both obtain higher yield.