Budyko理论在水文气候分区中的应用研究

The Application of Budyko Theory to Hydro-climatic Classification

以我国西南和东北地区为研究对象,探讨在水文气候分区中应用Budyko理论的可行性。研究中给出了西南和东北地区169个站点的Budyko曲线图,发现按照传统的基于干燥指数的水文气候分区,我国西南及东北的众多站点落于同一分区。显然,这两个地区干湿状况及水文条件存在较大的差异。为此,文中引入了蒸发比因子,并拟合了反映不同下垫面干湿状况的傅抱璞公式曲线,以在子区域划分中考虑实际的干湿条件。研究显示,西南站点在Budyko曲线上的位置普遍低于东北地区。在Budyko曲线上,出现重叠的西南和东北站点,水热同比相似。而且,在同一气候区内,随着蒸发比增大,降水量呈现递减趋势。这一结果表明,Budyko曲线上站点的不同分布综合反映了流域不同的水热潜力与实际的干湿状况,利用Budyko理论可以更为有效地进行水文气候分区。

Hydro-climatic stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are adopted to discuss the feasibility of the application of the Budyko theory to hydro-climatic classification. In this study, 169 stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are displayed on the Budy- ko curve. We discover that lots of stations in Southwest China and Northeast China fall on the same partition according to the traditional regionalization based on the dryness index. But the two regions apparently have large differences in dry-wet conditions and hydrological conditions. Thus, we introduce the evaporative index to consider the actual dry and wet conditions in basins and fit the Fu ＇s equation that can reflect surface conditions. The research shows that the distribution of the stations in Southwest China is generally lower than Northeast China on the Budyko curve. Southwest and northeast overlapping stations are similar in hydrothermal conditions in proportion. Also, in each climatic zone, the precipitation decreases when the evaporative index increases. The results show that different locations on the Budyko curve comprehensively reflect the actual and potential hydrothermal conditions. Using Budyko theory can carry out hydro-climatic classification more effectively.