新疆玛纳斯河灌区地下水特征研究

Research on the Characteristics of Groundwater of Manasi River Irrigation in Xinjiang

地下水水位下降加剧了新疆灌区生态环境恶化,因此本研究以玛纳斯河灌区为研究区,依据水量平衡原理,建立了地下水均衡模型,定量分析了玛纳斯河灌区地下水均衡要素的变化情况,为合理开发利用地下水资源提供科学依据。研究结果表明:在各典型年,灌区地下水均处于负均衡状态;同时玛河灌区地下水主要补给来源为渠系入渗、河道渗漏补给、侧向补给、田间入渗补给,分别占总补给量比例为32.34%~33.34%、10.22%~22.28%、15.55%~19.70%、15.31%~17.64%。灌区地下水主要排泄途径为人工开采,占总排泄量比例为41.77%~51.83%。实践证明,渠系入渗补给对维持地下水动态平衡作用较大,严格控制地下水开采是遏制地下水水位迅速下降的有效手段。

Groundwater table decline increases the deterioration of the ecological environment in Xinjiang irrigation, so this paper takes Manasi River Irrigation District as a research area, the groundwater balance model is established based on the principle of water balance, then a quantitative analysis of the groundwater equilibrium elements, which provides a scientific basis for reasonable exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources. The results show that in the typical years, the irrigation district of groundwater are all negative equilibrium. At the same time, canal infiltration, river seepage recharge, lateral recharge and field irrigation infiltration are the main recharge sources of the groundwater irrigation district, accounting for 32.34% - 33.34%, 10.22%- 22.28%, 15.55% - 19.70%, 15.31%- 17.64% of the total recharge, respectively. The main discharge way of the groundwater is artificial exploitation with the proportion of the total discharge of 41.77% 51.83%.Practice has proved that the canal system infiltration plays an important role in maintaining groundwater dynamic balance, strictly controlling groundwater exploitation is an effective way to prevent groundwater table from dropping rapidly.