生产过程绿色化能促进就业吗--来自清洁生产标准的证据

Can Green Production Process Promote Employment?——Evidence from Cleaner Production Standards

促进企业清洁生产又不减少甚至增加就业是经济绿色化过程需要关注的问题。本文基于2003年清洁生产标准的准自然实验,采用倍差法(DID)研究以生产过程绿色化为代表的环境规制对企业层面就业的影响。基准回归发现,生产过程绿色化显著促进就业,与对照组相比,处理组受规制后就业上升约30.8%。在控制地区时间趋势,并进行倾向得分匹配(PSM)筛选样本后,这种影响依然高达21.7%。从时间效应来看,规制当年可能存在短暂的负效应,之后的各年份呈现正向影响;从对不同类型企业的影响来看,对中等规模企业、中等生产率企业、私营及其他类型企业的正向促进作用最大。研究结果表明,生产过程绿色化可实现就业红利。

Promoting cleaner production without decreasing or even increasing employment is an issue that needs paying attention. Based on the standard of clean production issued in 2003, this paper studies the influence of environmental regulation on employment which is represented by the green production process using the difference in difference（DID） method. The paper finds that the green production process has significant role in promoting employment. Compared with the control group, employment of the experimental group increases by about 30.8% after regulation. After controlling for regional time trends and performing propensity score matching （PSM）, the impact of cleaner production standards on employment is 21.7%. From the point of view of time effect, regulation may have negative effect temporarily and each year presents positive effect. From the perspective of different types of enterprises, the effect of promotion on the medium scale enterprises, medium productivity enterprises, private enterprises and other types of enterprises is the most important. The results show that the process of green can achieve employment bonus.