论公司债权人的体系保护

Protection of Corporate Creditors:A Systematic Approach

公司债权人首先享有其他个人债权人所能获得的全部法律保护。除此以外,公司法上还有很多特殊规则围绕保护公司债权人这一任务展开,如注册资本制度、出资及资本维持制度、董事高管对债权人的责任制度、股东对债权人的连带责任制度(刺破公司面纱)等。在理解这些制度时,一个体系化的思考框架至为重要。事实上,在上述公司法规则之外,合同、侵权和破产制度也承担着重要的债权人保护功能,在对公司法上的传统规则进行规划与解释时,须认真对待这些相互关联的制度安排。

The corporate creditor has primarily all of the safeguards provided by law for creditor of individual. In addition to these ＂general＂ rules, there are also a great number of ＂special＂ provisions in corporate law dealing with corporate creditor protection, such as rules concerning legal capital, permanent capital, fiduciary duty of directors and corporate officer and liability of shareholders towards creditors （piercing corporate veil）. For a better understanding of the relationship and interaction between these different mechanisms, a systematic framework is of great importance. Apart from the traditional mechanism of creditor protection in corporate law, this paper also discussed the feasibility and necessity of the creditor protection by contract, tort and bankruptcy, and the interaction with the traditional mechanism.