仪式、角色表演与乡村女性主体性的建构——皖东T村妇女“做会”现象的深描

Ritual,Role Performance and Construction of Rural Women's Subjectivity——Thick Description of“Zuohui”Ritual in T Village of Eastern Anhui

乡村女性的角色与主体性问题是乡村社会研究和性别关系研究领域中的重要议题。性别不平等和结构主义的理论范式更多关注女性的不平等问题,并常常把性别关系的各种问题指向社会制度和男权社会的结构。然而,这一范式遮蔽或忽视了诸如女性当家等性别关系的多样现实形态。皖东T村的经验就呈现出了父系从夫居婚姻家庭制度依然维续与妇女普遍当家做主等悖论现象,从实践建构论的视角来理解和解释这些现象,可领会到现实生活中乡村女性的行动实践对性别关系价值与文化的建构意义。解析T村妇女"做会"现象的"深层密码",会发现这一仪式不仅仅是妇女自组织的普通集体活动,而且为乡村女性建构角色和主体性文化提供了一个特殊的机会和舞台。在仪式过程中,乡村女性主动建构起公共的空间与舞台,并通过集体表演和社会建构实践,建构了女性在家庭中的"隐性权力"和具有女性主体性的价值与文化象征体系。

The role and subjectivity of rural women are important issues in the fields of rural study and gender relation research. In the theoretical paradigm of gender inequality and structuralism, the problem of inequality for women is focused, and often pointing all problem of gender relations to social system and the patriarchal structure. However, the paradigm neglects the diversity of gender relations, such as women take charge of family. T village experience in eastern Anhui shows paradox phenomenon that the patriarchal family system and women charging family co-exist. From the perspective of constructivism, we can understand the importance of rural women＇s practice in constructing gender relation value and culture. To explicate the ＂deep code＂ of ＂Zuohui＂ in T village, we find that the ritual is not only a common collective activity organized by women, but also provides a special opportunity and stage for rural women to construct social roles and subjectivity culture. During the ritual, rural women construct positively a public space and a stage, and through the collective performance and social construction practice, construct the ＂hidden power＂ in family for women, and the value and cultural symbol system of women subjectivity.