第三人侵权下安全保障义务人的责任重定

On the Responsibility of the Obligor Under the Third Party Infringement

补充责任人享有先诉抗辩权和追偿权是其主要特点,因为这两个特性,补充责任制度获得不少支持,但同样因为这两个特性使其遭受来自"自己责任理论"的批判。笔者认为在第三人侵权下安全保障义务人应当承担不真正连带责任,而为平衡受害人与安全保障义务人之间的利益关系,合理分配直接侵权人和安全保障义务人之间的责任负担,这里的不真正连带责任应包含两个部分,一是安全保障义务人在其过错范围内承担的"自己责任";二则是安全保障义务人在其自己责任份额内承担受害人向直接侵权人求偿不能的"补充性责任"。"自己责任"部分不享有先诉抗辩权,不具有追偿权,然而补充性责任则享有先诉抗辩权和追偿权。

People enjoying the beneficium right to defense and the right of recourse are main characteristics of the supplementary liability system;however,due to these two characteristics,it gets a lot of support, and suffers criticism from ＂self responsibility theory＂. The author thinks that the third infriugement under the security obligations shall bear the unreal joint and several liability. In order to balance the interests relationship between the victim and the security obligations ,and distribute the bur- den of responsibility between the direct infringer and the security obligor, the unreal joint and several liability should be divided into two parts：the first is the responsibility of the security obligor in＂his fault＂;the second is that the obligation of the security obligations in the share of their own responsibility for the victims to the direct infringer cannot compensate for the ＂supplementary liability＂. ＂Self responsibility＂ part does not enjoy benefieium right to defense and have the right of recourse,but supplementary liability enjoys beneficium right to defense and the right of recourse.