山雀类洞巢鸟对不同巢口大小人工巢箱的选择研究

The Study of Cavity-nesting Tits Selection of Nest-box with Different Entrance Size

为探讨巢口大小因素是否会影响人工巢箱对山雀类洞巢鸟的招引率,于2016年2~7月,在辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区,通过悬挂口径3.5 cm和5.0 cm的巢箱进行双巢对比实验,并对山雀类的入住状况进行了统计.结果显示:57组对比实验巢箱中有33组被山雀类利用,利用率为57.9%,每组中只有1个巢箱会被利用,未见双巢均被利用的情况;巢箱在同一悬挂点的上下位置对山雀类的选择并无显著性影响;山雀类对口径5.0 cm的人工巢箱具有明显偏爱(81.8%,P=0.000),杂色山雀(Parus varius)(P=0.001)和大山雀(P.major)(P=0.039)均倾向选择口径5.0 cm的大口箱,未发现沼泽山雀(P.palustris)入住,说明沼泽山雀不倾向选择使用这两种口径的巢箱.

To investigate the effect of the entrance size on the atificial nest-box selection by cavity-nesting birds,experiments were conducted by hanging contrast nest-boxes with 3. 5 cm and5. 0 cm holes together in Xianrendong National Nature Reserve,Liaoning Province,from February to July in 2016. Occupancy status of the boxes was recorded and analyzed. The results showed that birds occupied 33 nest-boxes in the total 55 pairs and the occupancy rate was 57. 9%. Only one was occupied by bird in a pair of contrast next-boxes. Upper and lower position of the nest-boxes at the same suspension point didn＇t affect on birds selection significantly. The resluts showed clearpreference for 5. 0 nest holes（ 81. 8%,P = 0. 000） and the varied tit（ Parus varius）（ P = 0. 001）and the great tit（ P. major）（ P = 0. 039） both preferred the large one,while there was no marsh tit（ P. palustris） occuping the nest-box,which suggested the marsh tit didn＇t tend to choose neither.