江汉关与晚清湖北现代化

Jianghan Customs and Hubei's Modernization in Late Qing Dynasty

江汉关的创设,既是晚清汉口开埠后湖北商贸发展的结果,也是清廷、大清海关总税务司和地方督抚利益博弈的结果。作为一个初具现代化特征的新型海关税收机构,江汉关完全依照西方的模式进行管理。总体来看,江汉关具有管理体制半殖民化、管理机制现代化和业务职能多元化等特征。这一新型海关税收机构的创设在一定程度上成为晚清湖北现代化的催化剂,加速了晚清湖北现代化的进程。但是,由于江汉关实际上被英国人所控制,它也就充当了西方国家对中国进行经济侵略的工具,对晚清湖北的现代化进程产生了消极的影响。

The establishment of Jianghan Customs is not only the result of the development of commerce in Hubei after the o- pening of Hankou Customs in the late Qing Dynasty but also the result of the game of the Qing government, the customs in- spector general and local governors. As a new type of customs tax agency with modern characteristics, Jianghan Customs man- agement completely copies the western model. Generally speaking, Jianghan Customs has the characteristics of semi-coloniza tion of management system, modernization of management mechanism and diversification of business functions. The establish- ment of this new type of customs tax authority became the catalyst of Hubei modernization in the late Qing Dynasty to some ex- tent, which accelerated its modernization process. However, owing to Jianghan Customs was actually controlled by the British. It also acts as a tool for economic aggression against China by western countries It also acts as a tool of western countries for e- conomic aggression against China. Therefore, which has had a negative influence on the modernization process of Hubei in the late Qing Dynasty.