断面与整合:多学科视野中的学术自由

Section and Integration: Academic Freedom in Multidisciplinary Perspectives

追求学术自由是大学的内在品性,但当前对于学术自由的讨论多强调其理念属性,从而导致学术自由研究的简单化、抽象化倾向。为改变这一现状,需要对学术自由采取普遍联系和整体性关照。从历史学的视角看,学术自由既是大学师生主动争取的结果,更是大学的使命、功能以及社会对此的确认和让渡的结果;从经济学的视角看,学术自由受大学经费来源模式的隐形控制;从组织文化学的视角看,学术自由与大学自治具有异步性;从管理学的视角看,"劳资关系"成为影响学术自由的重要因素;从政治学的视角看,学术自由往往是"学术权力"与"行政权力"博弈的结果。总体而言,从多学科视角考察学术自由,不仅丰富了学术自由的内涵,也有利于更深刻地揭示其本质。

The pursuit of academic freedom is the inherent character of the university,but at present,the discussions of academic freedom emphasize its ideational properties,leading to the tendencies of simplification and abstraction in research in academic freedom. In order to overcome these tendencies,it is necessary to take academic freedom into universal connections and holistic considerations. In the perspective of historical studies,academic freedom is not only the result of the struggles of university teachers and students,but also the mission and function of the university as confirmed by and from the society. In the perspective of economics,academic freedom is under the invisible control of the mode of university funding. In the perspective of organizational culture,academic freedom and institutional autonomy are asynchronous. In the perspective of management,'labor relations'make an important factor affecting academic freedom. In the perspective of political sciences,academic freedom is often the result of the game between the academic power and the administrative power. Overall,multidisciplinary examinations of academic freedom,can not only enrich the connotation of academic freedom,but also extract its essence with profoundness.