论复社主盟张溥的影响和意义

The Influence and Significance of Zhang Pu,the Leader of Fushe

张溥为晚明复社领袖、著名学者、文学家,在晚明党社、学术及文学方面兼领一时风气,颇具影响。张溥逝后,因清代官方评价体系对他持否定贬斥的态度,其面目逐渐模糊起来。运用现代眼光来重新审视张溥,其影响和意义主要表现在四个方面:其一,创立中国古代第一大文社——复社,培养、团结、奖掖了一大批优秀士人,对明末文坛和政坛均产生了极大影响;其二,嫉恶如仇,勇斗阉党,显示出士人高度的责任感、正义感和节操,其敦风厚俗、激励士气、感召人心的作用不容忽视;其三,张溥为明末实学风气的倡导者和力行者,所倡导的实学风气对清代朴学产生了极大影响;其四,张溥通过广泛的文学交游和多产的创作及文集整理等活动,对明末文学产生了较大影响。

Zhang Pu is the leader of Fushe（复社）, the famous scholar and writer in the late Ming Dynasty. Zhang Pu has a great influence on the sociopolitical cliquism ,the academic and literary. After Zhang Pu＇ s death, the official evalu- ation system in Qing Dynasty on Zhang Pu is negative, so Zhang Pu＇ s real situation gradually blurred. With modem vision to re-examine, Zhang Pu＇ s influence and significance is mainly shown in the following four aspects ： firstly, he crea- ted the largest Chinese literary society that is Fushe, cultivated and united a large number of outstanding scholars, which have great influence on the literature and politics. Secondly, he struggled bravely with the eunuch, which shows the high sense of responsibility and sense of justice and integrity and has a great effect on the custom and the spirit of the people. Thirdly, he is a promoter and practitioner of solid scholarship which has a great effect on Pu Learning in Qing Dynasty. Fourthly, Zhang Pu, with extensive literary interaction, prolific creation and activities of collecting literary materials has a great influence on the literature in the late Ming Dynasty.