论核安全法的基本原则

Research on the Basic Principles of Nuclear Safety Law

基本原则是核安全法律制度构建的基础和出发点。国际原子能机构的出版物为识别核安全法基本原则提供了参考指引,核安全领域的国际法律文件确立了安全原则、许可证持有人主要责任原则、核安全独立监管原则、全过程控制原则、公开透明和公众参与原则这五项基本原则,这些基本原则在国家层面的核安全立法实践中也得到印证。我国《核安全法(草案)》征求意见稿未明确规定"全过程控制原则"和"公开透明和公众参与原则",其确立的"独立监管原则"没有在制度设计上予以保障。建议草案后续修改要完善关于原则条文的表述,纳入"全过程控制原则",将信息公开和公众参与制度安排提升至基本原则的高度,并在监管体制上强化核安全监管机关的独立性。

Basic principles are the foundation and starting point of nuclear safety legal system construction.IAEA＇s publication provides guidance and reference to identify the basic principles of nuclear safety law.The international legal documents determine five basic principles,which are safety principle,licensee＇s primary responsibility principle,independent regulation principle,whole process control principle,transparency and public participation principle.These principles are confirmed by many countries＇ nuclear safety law while China＇s Nuclear Safety Act（Draft）did not provide the whole process control principle and transparency and public participation principle,and its independent regulation principle was not guaranteed by the specific legal system designing.The draft amendment is supposed to adopt the whole process control principle,promote the system of disclosure and public participation to the height of basic principle and strength the independence of the regulatory body on the basis of improving the statement of the provisions of the principles.