我国核损害赔偿立法的完善

China's Legislative Perfection in the Field of the Compensation for Nuclear Damage

我国正从核电大国迈向核电强国,从核电技术和设备引进向核电技术和设备出口转型。核能利用存在巨大安全风险,一旦发生核事故,将危及国家安全、环境安全和公众安全。核损害赔偿立法主要涉及赔偿主体和受偿主体、赔偿标准和赔偿数额、责任保险和财政保证、追索权、赔偿争议处理、诉讼管辖权、诉讼时效、国家责任、跨境损害等一系列亟待破解和明确的法律问题。我国可在《原子能法》或《核安全法》中设专章规定核损害赔偿责任条款,但最佳选择是制定《核损害赔偿法》。

China is in the period of transition from a major country of nuclear power to a powerful country of nuclear power,and from the importation of nuclear technology and equipment to the exportation of them.The use of nuclear energy would have a tremendous risk to the safety of the nation,the environment and the public in case of a nuclear accident.A series of hard legal issues should be cracked and clarified in China＇s legislation in the field of the compensation for nuclear damage such as the indemnitor or compensator and indemnitee,the measure of indemnity and the amount of compensation,compulsory liability insurance and mandatory financial security or guarantee,rights of recourse,the settlement of compensation disputes,jurisdiction,limitation of liability in time,national responsibility or liability and cross-border damage.China should enact Atomic Energy Law or Nuclear Safety Law and stipulate detailed clauses concerning the compensation for nuclear damage in special chapters,but it would much better to promulgate and enforce the Law of the Compensation for Nuclear Damage.