内蒙古乌海市良性乳腺疾病患病及危险因素分析

Prevalence and risk factors of benign breast diseases among women in Wuhai municipality of Inner Mongolia: a cross-sectional study

目的了解内蒙古乌海市女性患良性乳腺疾病情况及其危险因素,为明确高危人群、有效促进防治工作开展提供依据。方法 2014年6—11月以多阶段复合抽样方法抽取乌海市6 553名成年女性,采用自填式健康问卷了解其患病情况,并由专业人员进行身高、体重等身体测量,采用t检验/χ~2检验、多因素logistic回归方法对调查结果进行分析。结果乌海市成年女性良性乳腺疾病患病率为22.5%。多因素分析结果显示,相比<35岁者,35~44岁(OR=2.35,95%CI=1.96~2.82)、45~54岁(OR=2.52,95%CI=2.06~3.09)、55~65岁者(OR=1.78,95%CI=1.34~2.35)患病风险增高;相比初中及以下文化程度者,高中(OR=1.57,95%CI=1.29~1.91)、大学及以上者(OR=2.90,95%CI=2.39~3.51)患病风险增高;流产史为1次(OR=1.39,95%CI=1.19~1.62)、≥2次(OR=1.56,95%CI=1.32~1.85)者相比无流产史女性患病风险增高;而月经初潮年龄≥14岁(OR=0.79,95%CI=0.68~0.91)、不婚状态(OR=0.42,95%CI=0.29~0.63)可能为保护因素。结论为预防良性乳腺疾病发生,应加强乳腺疾病知识的宣传教育,缓解妇女压力,降低流产率,并定期筛查。

Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of benign breast diseases （BBD） among occupation and community women in Wuhai municipality of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （Inner Mongolia） for identifying populations at high-risk and improving the treatment of the diseases.Methods By using multistage random cluster sampling,6 553 women were selected from enterprises and communities in 3 districts of Wuhai municipality,Inner Mongolia and surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire on status and relevant factors of BBD and measurements of height and weight by professional staff during June to November 2014.T-test/chi-square,multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to determine the risk factors.Results The overall prevalence rate of BBD was 22.5% among the women.The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the elder women had a higher risk of BBD compared to those aged below 35 years,with the odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （95%CI） of 2.348 （1.957-2.817）,2.521 （2.059-3.086）,and 1.778 （1.343-2.353） for the women aged 35-44,45-54,and 55-65 years old.Higher BBD risk were observed among the women with the education of senior high school （OR=1.572,95%CI=1.294-1.909） and college or above （OR=2.898,95%CI=2.393-3.510） compared to those with the education of junior high school or below.The women who underwent abortion of once（OR=1.390,95%CI=1.192-1.621） and twice or more （OR=1.562,95%CI=1.320-1.848） had higher BBD risk than those without abortion history.The results revealed the protective factors of elder menarche age of ≥14 years （OR=0.786,95%CI=0.678-0.911） and being unmarried （OR=0.424,95%CI=0.288-0.625）.Conclusion The prevalence of BBD is influenced by age,education level,marital status,menarche age,and abortion history and education on BBD prevention should be promoted among occupation and community women in Wuhai municipality