1975–2014年福建省植被覆盖变化及其驱动因素

Vegetation cover change and driving factors in Fujian Province between 1975 and 2014

福建省土壤易被侵蚀,水土流失严重,近年各类生态工程使其植被覆盖发生了较大变化。该文利用1975–2014年7期Landsat MSS/TM/OLI数据和监督分类方法研究了福建省1975–2014年的植被覆盖变化,并基于人工林、耕地和城镇面积的统计数据分析这些变化的可能驱动因素。结果表明:1975–2014年,福建省植被覆盖经历了增加—减少—增加的过程,但总体上呈增加趋势,由1975年的69.0%增加到2014年的77.8%,其中1995–2005年植被覆盖略有减少。森林主要分布在西北部,其间少量农田和居民地沿河/海分布,灌丛、草丛及裸地呈斑块化分布;西南裸地面积减少,沿河/海城镇化发展迅速,灌丛和草丛面积以及农田面积略有减少,森林面积增加。人工林面积增加和裸地面积减少导致植被覆盖面积增加,快速城镇化导致植被覆盖面积减少。

Aims Fujian Province has been one of the most severe soil erosion regions since Ming and Qing Dynasty in China. Recently, several ecological restoration projects have been implemented and they have significantly changed vegetation cover in this region. Methods We analyzed the four-decade vegetation cover change in Fujian Province using seven time-series data of Landsat Multispectral Scanner （MSS）, Thematic Mapper （TM）, and Operational Land Imager （OLI） between 1975 and 2014. We further explored the possible drivers on vegetation cover change by incorporating statistical data of plantation, cropland and urbanized area. Important findings Vegetation coverage in Fujian Province has increased from 69.0% to 77.8% between 1975 and 2014. However, a slight decrease was observed between 1995 and 2005. Spatially, forest was the primary vegetation type in the northwest, where croplands and human settlements were scattered along rivers or oceans. Shrubs and bare lands were also scattered across the northwest. In southwest, the areas of bare land, shrub land and cropland decreased, while areas of forest and human settlements expanded. The vegetation coverage and urbanized area increased at the cost of cropland and bare land.