胡夫大金字塔外形设计图新探

A New Approach to the Exterior Design of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

论文设想大金字塔设计图是最简单的正方形外接椭圆几何图。在研究了椭圆形在古埃及墓葬建筑等方面有丰富的文化遗存后,着重探讨了此蛋形设计图是怎么画、为何如此画和如何计算等问题。提出设计制图过程包含司绳法作图、尺规作图和格网设计三部分。司绳法作正方形外接椭圆也是尼罗河的礼物之一。巧合的是,此几何设计图可以用比司绳法更精确的尺规作图,并辅以既方便画图又方便测量的14格网,用于制作塔修造图和修造尺。大金字塔当前倾斜角值为51°50'34",而非精确的正方形外接椭圆几何图计算值51°49'38"(黄金直角三角形),误差的根本原因就是格网测量的局限性。这使我们重新认识到,本质上大金字塔毫无疑问是按黄金比设计的。

The design of the Great Pyramid is assumed to be the geometry of a square and its circumscribed el- lipse, like an egg when it revolved on the major axis. Such questions as how and why the geometry was constructed and calculated are discussed in this paper. The design could be composed of the rope-stretcher＇ s construction （ a gift of the Nile＇ s annual inundation）, constructed with the ruler and the compass, and the square grid. Without geometrical calculations, 14 × 14 square grids have turned out to be natural, convenient and appropriate in the geo- metric construction, measurement and production of the construction tool for the Great Pyramid. The reason for the measured slope angle being 51°50＇34＂ as opposed to the geometry angle of 51 °49＇38＂ is the unavoidable inaccuracy of the must-use square grids. It is concluded that the intended geometric design was an unconscious golden-section- al pyramid.