珠海市夏季高温天气气候特征及2014年异常高温天气环流分析

Climate characteristics of summer high temperature and circulation analysis of an abnormal hot weather in 2014 over Zhuhai city

利用1976—2014年珠海国家气象站常规地面气象观测资料、自动气象站观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对珠海市夏季高温气候特征及2014年异常高温天气的环流特征进行了分析。结果表明:20世纪80年代末珠海市夏季高温日数开始逐渐增多,东部地区(香洲)高温日数多于西部地区(斗门);但进入21世纪,西部地区高温日数明显增多。珠海市极端最高气温呈显著增加的趋势,且西部地区极端最高气温上升速率较东部地区快。珠海市夏季高温天气特征与珠海城市海陆分布和城市化发展阶段有关,近海且城市化发展成熟的东部地区高温天气不明显,而城市化处于发展阶段且靠内陆的西部地区高温天气明显。珠海市高温天气环流型可分为3种,分别为西太平洋副热带高压(脊)控制型、热带气旋控制型及副热带高压(脊)和热带气旋共同控制型,其中第三种环流型高温天气出现频次最多。2014年夏季副热带高压西伸脊点偏西、强度偏强及脊线位置偏南,造成珠海市出现异常高温天气。

Using the conventional and automatic observation data from the national and regional meteorological stations and the NECP（ National Centers for Environmental Prediction） reanalysis data from 1976 to 2014,the characteristics of summer high temperature and circulation pattern in an extreme hot weather in 2014 over Zhuhai city were analyzed. The results showthat the number of summer high-temperature days has increased since the late of the 1980 s in Zhuhai city,and is higher in the eastern area than that in the western area. However,this situation has changed since 21 st century. More high-temperature days appear in the western area. The extreme maximum temperature increases significantly. The increasing rate of extreme maximum temperature in the western area is higher than that in the eastern area. The characteristics of summer high temperature in Zhuhai city are related to the distribution of land and sea and the stage of urbanization. The high-temperature feature is unobvious in the eastern area where it is located near the coastal and in developed urbanization and is obvious in the western area where it is located in the inland and in developing urbanization. The circulation patterns over Zhuhai city can be divided into three types,i. e. the western Pacific subtropical high / ridge control,tropical cyclone control,and the common control by the subtropical high / ridge and a tropical cyclone. Under the last type of circulation pattern,the frequency of high-temperature days is the highest. In summer of 2014,the subtropical high ridge controlling over the Zhuhai city extends westwards,its strength is stronger,and its ridge line is located southwards. This circulation pattern finally results in the abnormally high temperature in Zhuhai city.