基于中国情境的社会创业:前沿理论与问题思考

Social Entrepreneurship in the Context of China: Frontier Research and Suggested Questions

实践证明,社会转型的成功需要创业的成功来支撑,创业的成功是社会转型成功的根本要素之一。从发达国家的经验来看,社会整体进步得益于经济创业与社会创业同步进行。我国目前创业具有重视经济创业而忽视社会创业的倾向,这种经济创业与社会创业不同步的现象不利于我国的转型与社会进步。本文通过检索、归纳与分析2011年以来有关社会创业研究发表在国际顶级创业与管理期刊上的34篇文献,发现近5年来社会创业的研究取得了较大进展:研究对象由发达国家扩展到发展中国家;研究层面由过往主要聚焦社会企业中观层面,逐渐发展为微观(社会创业者个体层次)、中观(社会企业层次)以及宏观(国家层次)研究齐头并进的局面。通过分析这些社会创业前沿理论,本文提出了社会创业的系列研究思考与展望,并指出我国一定要坚定地将经济创业与社会创业同步发展,使大众创业既能为经济发展服务,也能更好地为社会发展服务。

Practice shows that the success of the social transformation requires the support of the success of the entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship success is one of key elements of the success of social transformation. Based on the experience of developed countries, the synchronized economic entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship is beneficial to promote the progress of the whole society. There is a tendency in China＇s entrepreneurship at present, which is valuing economic entrepreneurship over social entrepreneurship. As a consequence, the unsynchronized economic entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship is not conducive to China＇s transformation and social progress. Based on the retrieval, induction and analysis of 34 papers published in the world＇s top journals on entrepreneurship and management since 2011, this paper finds that social entrepreneurship research has made great progress in the past 5 years. Firstly, the range of research samples extends from developed countries to developing countries. Secondly, the analysis level of social entrepreneurship research in the past, mainly focused on the middle level that attaches to social enterprises, but now the studies of micro level （individual social entrepreneurs range）, middle level （social enterprises range）as well as macro level （national range）advance together. By analyzing the leading social entrepreneurship theories, this paper presents a series of research reflection and prospect on social entrepreneurship, and points out that China must firmly synchronize economic entrepreneurship with social entrepreneurship, so that the ＇popular entrepreneurship＇ could provide better service to China＇s economic and social development.