液力减振器阻尼特性的仿真与试验研究

Simulation and Experimental Study on Damping Characteristic of Hydraulic Shock Absorber

减振器是汽车悬架的重要组成部分,在汽车行驶过程中主要起衰减振动的作用。汽车减振器中应用最广泛的为液力减振器,为了研究液力减振器的阻尼特性,针对某汽车液力减振器,分析了其结构和工作原理,建立了其液力系统图,利用流体力学知识分别建立了减振器活塞阀系、底阀、储油腔压力的数学模型,进而推导出减振器伸张行程和压缩行程阻尼特性的数学模型,并利用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行了仿真。利用减振器性能综合试验台对该减振器进行了试验,得出示功图,与仿真结果进行对比,图形形状基本一致,验证了数学模型的有效性。通过试验分析了频率变化对减振器阻尼特性的影响,为减振器的设计和使用提供了参考。

The shock absorber is an important part of the automobile suspension, and it plays an important role in the automobile driving process. Hydraulic shock absorber is widely used in automobile. To research the damping characteristics of hydraulic shock absorber, the structure and working principle of a hydraulic shock absorber was analyzed, and its hydraulic system diagram was set up. The mathematical model of the piston valve, bottom valve and oil cavity pressure for the shock absorber were established using the knowledge of fluid mechanics. And then the mathematical model of the stretching stroke and compression stroke damping characteristics were derived. The damping characteristic was simulated by MATLAB / SIMULINK, and it was tested on shock absorber test instrument. The results show that the model of the mathematical model is correct. Finally, the effect of the frequency on damping characteristic is tested, which provides a reference for the design and use of shock absorber.