应用2种风险评价方法评估某石化企业化学毒物危害风险级别

Comparison of risk rating for chemical hazards in a petrochemical enterprise with two risk assessment methods

目的比较2种风险评价方法对某石油化工企业芳烃联合装置项目(以下简称"建设项目")化学毒物的危害风险分级。方法对该建设项目进行职业卫生调查及工作场所化学毒物检测,分别采用职业性化学危害风险评估优化指标体系(以下简称"优化指标体系")和新加坡半定量风险评价模型对该建设项目芳烃抽提、歧化、异构化、二甲苯分馏和吸附分离共5个工作场所化学毒物职业病危害进行风险分级,并对2种风险评价方法的风险分级结果进行对比分析。结果优化指标体系对建设项目5个工作场所苯风险分级均为轻度风险,甲苯和二甲苯风险分级均为轻微风险。新加坡半定量风险评价模型对建设项目芳烃抽提部分和歧化部分的苯风险分级为极高风险,二甲苯分馏部分的苯风险分级为高风险,吸附分离部分及异构化部分的苯风险分级为中风险;芳烃抽提和歧化部分的甲苯风险分级为高风险,其余3个工作场所为低风险;5个工作场所的二甲苯风险分级均为低风险。结论优化指标体系更科学合理可行,可客观评价化学毒物职业病危害风险水平,更适合我国职业性化学危害风险评价。

Objective To compare and analyze the risk rating for chemical hazards of aromatics complex in a petrochemical enterprise using two risk assessment methods. Methods Occupational hygiene investigation and chemical detection for workplaces of the construction project were made. The risk ratings were made in five workplaces including that of the aromatics extraction,disproportionation,isomerization,xylene fractionation and adsorptive fractionation. Two risk assessment methods were employed. They were the optimal indicator system of risk assessment on occupational chemical hazards（ optimal indicator system） and the semi quantitative risk assessment model of Singapore. The results of risk rating generated by the two risk assessment methods were then compared and analyzed. Results Using the optimal indicator system,the risk rating of benzene was mild in the five workplaces; and the risk rating of methylbenzene and xylene was slight. However,using the semi quantitative risk assessment model of Singapore,the risk rating of benzene was extremely high in both the aromatics extraction and disproportionation workplaces; the risk rating was high in xylene fractionation,and was medium in the isomerization and adsorptive fractionation workplaces. The risk rating of methylbenzene was high in the aromatics extraction and disproportionation workplaces,and was low in the other three workplaces. The risk rating of xylene was low in the five workplaces. Conclusion The optimal indicator system is more feasible,practical and objective for the assessment of chemical hazards. It is more suitable for risk assessment of occupational chemical hazards in our country.