论南海仲裁案仲裁庭对于《联合国海洋法公约》解释权的滥用

On the Abuse of Interpretation Rights of the UNCLOS by the Arbitration Court in the Case of South China Sea Arbitration

2016年7月12日,倍受瞩目的南海仲裁案"最终裁决"出炉,仲裁庭延续了其在关于"管辖权和可受理性问题的裁决"当中的错误思路和做法,引起了中国政府的强烈抗议。这两份裁决的错误之处很多,其中仲裁庭滥用解释权,曲解《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)是最严重的错误之一。从国际法角度分析,仲裁庭滥用解释权不仅违反了《维也纳条约法公约》关于约文解释的基本语言逻辑、上下文、目的与宗旨、嗣后惯例以及善意原则,而且还不符合国际裁判机构关于条约解释的普遍实践。之所以出现这种状况,有仲裁庭刻意偏袒甚至帮助菲律宾、仲裁庭的条约解释权缺乏有效规制、强制性仲裁缺乏权威性等多种原因。其结果是既严重侵犯了中国在南海的主权,又严重破坏了《公约》的权威性与完整性。中国政府应当坚决揭露和批判仲裁庭滥用《公约》解释权的行为,并采取有效的应对措施。

On July 12,2016, the final award of the South China Sea Case was released, in which the arbitration court continued its wrong ideas and actions in ＂award on jurisdiction and admissibility＂. There＇re many mistakes in the two awards, among which the abuse of interpretation rights of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （hereafter UNCLOS ）by the arbitration court is the one of most serious problems. The arbitration court has violated the basic language logic, the context, the objective and purpose, the subsequent practice and the good faith principle stipulated in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The arbitration court also has violated the common practice of treaty interpretations by the international tribunals. There are many reasons for it. Firstly, the arbitration court has deliberately taken sides in Philippines. Secondly, there are no effective rules to regulate the abuse of treaty interpretation rights in current international law. Thirdly, the compulsory arbitration in annex VII of UNCLOS lacks authority. The abuse of interpretation rights by the arbitration court has seriously violated China＇s sovereignty, and has destroyed the integrity and authority of UNCLOS. The Chinese government should take effective resolutions as countermeasures.