论新时期中国学界理解马克思主义哲学的三种路向

Three Ways by Chinese Academy for Understanding Marxist Philosophy in New Period

在改革开放新时期开放多元的社会和学术环境下,援"西学"入"马",以"西学"来解"马",寻求出"新",成为马克思主义哲学阐释的重要路径。"以西学解马"可以分两种:一种是以西方近代哲学为资源,对马克思主义哲学作一种"启蒙主义"式的解读;一种是以西方现当代哲学为资源,对马克思主义哲学作一种"后现代主义"式的解读。与此同时,中国学界还存在着致力于吸收前两种解释路向的成果、又不断在与它们相抗衡的第三种解释路向。把马克思主义哲学启蒙主义化和后现代主义化的缺陷,不仅在于后者理论本身具有缺陷、不符合马克思主义经典的结论,还在于这些思潮的立脚点在马克思本身的思想发展历程中,实际上都已经被马克思超越了。只有当马克思在其成熟时期完整提出其两大发现,马克思及其理论才显露出完整意义。我们要根据这一"原本"来理解马克思,在此基础上生发出创新成果。

In an open and multi-trend social and academic environment in the new period of reform, there emerge three important ways to expatiate Marxist philosophy, i.e., to combine ＂Western studies＂ with Marxism, to explain Marxism by ＂Western studies＂ and to seek something ＂new＂. By combining Western studies with Marxism, there are two ways. One is to read Marxist philosophy in the way of ＂enlightenment＂, which is based on the near-modern Western philosophy. The other is to read Marxist philosophy in the way of ＂post-modernism＂, which is based on the modern and current Western philosophy. At the same time, The Chinese academy has a third way by which it contributes to assimilate the said ways＇ result, and also confront with them. It＇s wrong to make Marxism an enlightenment or a post-modernism, because they are not only theoretically defected, and not in line with the classic Marxist conclusions, but also shows that their standpoints have been, in fact, already surpassed by Marx himself. Only by Marx＇s proposing his two major discoveries in his ideologically matured period, can his theory demonstrate its complete significance. We must understand Marx according to this ＂origin＂, and then we can have creative achievements.