脆弱性理论与国家治理责任新解

The Vulnerability Theory and New Insights on the Governance Responsibility of States

脆弱性理论为女权主义学者玛萨·芬曼所提出。脆弱性理论认为人类和机构具有共同且持续的脆弱性,主张国家在国家治理中所承担的责任不应止于确保社会个体获得形式平等的机会,还应担负确保社会结构和机制能够为民众克服脆弱性提供公平和有效保障的责任,特别是为克服社会机构的脆弱性而对机构进行规范监管的义务。同时,脆弱性理论还主张人类共同的脆弱性是社区、社会乃至国家创建的法理基础。与美国主流政治理论即平等自治理论不同,该理论力主政府应当致力于提高社会福利和维护社会实质公平。

As a leading feminist scholar in U.S., Martha Fineman brought up vulnerability theory back in 2008. Vulnerability theory is based on joint and consistent vulnerability inherent in human nature, advocating state＇s responsibility in national governance should be more than ensure equal opportunity, but also ensuring fair social structure and institutions which would provide effective protection of resilience for individuals. Meanwhile, vulnerability theory argues that shared vulnerability is the justifying basis for establishing community, society, and even state. Comparing with us mainstream political theory of equality and autonomy, vulnerability theory argues for broaden social welfare as well as substantive equality.