“文化转向”与视觉方法论研究

On Culture Turn and Visual Methodologies

"文化转向"作为20世纪60、70年代西方人文科学领域衍生兴起的思想潮流,它是"语言学转向"的直接效应和典型表征。这种思潮在其发展的两个阶段基础上,建立起了以"语言学模型"为基础、"文化"范畴为中心的研究范式,这种"文化主义"研究范式,一方面冲击了传统既有学科的陈旧框架,迫使它们集体性地"转向文化",另一方面也随之衍生出包括视觉文化在内的新兴学科。为了把握"文化转向"之后作为概念与实践的文化,法国(后)结构主义者运用"语言学模型"解读和阐释从原始社会到当下的各种文化现象,在此基础上提炼和创建出结构人类学、符号学、文本理论、话语分析,以及精神分析学等方法,这些衍生的方法不仅为视觉研究奠定了坚实的学科发展基础,无疑也促成了这一门跨学科的日趋成熟。

During the 1960s and 1970s ＂culture turn＂ as the trend of thoughts in the West humanities which drives from ＂linguistics turn＂. This trend of thoughts generally is divided into two stages in its development and gradually establishes the research paradigm on basis of ＂linguistics model＂ and focusing on ＂culture＂ category. This ＂culturism＂ research paradigm on the one hand broke through the given disciplines outmoded framework and made them collectivity ＂turn to culture＂, and the other hand had produced new brand of sciences including visual culture. In order to grasp significant of the culture as the concept and praxis after the ＂culture turn＂, French structuralism and post-structuralism scholars applied ＂linguistics model＂into understanding and interpreting various kinds of cultural phenomena from the primitive society to the present. Extracted from these interpretations they have set up a series of research method such as structural anthropology, semiotics, text theory, discourse analysis and psychoanalysis and so on which underpin the visual study as the inter-discipline.