从异域到本土:中国法律人类学本土研究的现状与发展

From Foreign Studies to Local Studies:the Reality and the Development of Local Studies in China's Legal Anthropology

法律人类学就是运用人类学的视角去研究"他者"文化的法律规则的研究。本文通过梳理国外法律人类学的相关文献,认为法律人类学作为一门分支学科,经历了学科互渗与发现的初始时期、法律民族志田野方法确立的奠基时期、以及经历四次范式转移的成熟发展时期,并呈现出法律人类学发展的趋势与特点。20世纪后期以来,中国的法律人类学经过几次研究范式的转移和议程的跳跃,逐步产生出一些具有独特视角和议题的法律人类学的民族志,这几个民族志分别从人情与互惠的视角、作为社会控制的视角、作为一种地方知识文化的法律逐步发展走向成熟。如今的法律人类学学科充满勃勃生机,并且有更多多学科融合发展的空间。

Legal anthropology is to study legal rules in ＂the other＂ culture from the perspective of anthropology. By reviewing foreign literature in legal anthropology, the present article maintains that legal an- thropology, as a subdiscipline, has undergone the initial interaction of disciplines and discoveries, the estab- lishment of legal ethnographic field research, and the mature development of four paradigm shifts, revealing the trends and the characteristics of the development of legal anthropology. Since the late 20th century, Chi- nese legal anthropology, after several shifts in research paradigm and skips in subjects, has gradually gener- ated some types of ethnography in legal anthropology with distinctive perspectives and subjects. Nowadays, the discipline of legal anthropology, full of vitality, is open to multi-disciplinary combination.