协商治理:村民自治有效实现的路径选择

Deliberative Governance:An Approach for Effective Village Self-Governance

以民主选举为重心的村民自治面临三个问题:一是村民自治从参与到选举的扭曲,村民自治变成村官自治,民主的本质被掏空;二是精英牟利和民众权益被损害,村民自治维护农村社会稳定的目标遭破坏;三是以民主选举为重心带来精英主政以及"封闭式决策",造成村级决策的合法性脆弱。以协商治理为重心的村民自治的比较优势在于:一是以协商治理为重心更能体现村民自治的民主本质;二是协商治理更能促进村民自治中村级公共事务决策的合法性;三是以协商治理为重心的村民自治提升民众的政治效能感,有助于维护农村社会的稳定。因此,一是要搭建日常协商治理的平台和载体,二是要加强农村协商治理的程序化、制度化建设,三是要提升民众的协商治理意识和能力。唯其如此,才能促进村民自治的有效实现。

The Village self-governance with the focus on elections faces three challenges. Firstly, villagers＇ self-governance is distorted from participation to election, which turned out to be the cadre-oriented self-governance. As a result, democracy is contravened. Secondly, the stability in rural China is violated as the village elites pursue their own profits and villagers＇ interests were infringed. Thirdly, the concentration of the power at the elite＇ s level and the closed decision-making process lead to the weak legitimacy of policies at the village level. Village self-governance with the focus on deliberative governance has the following advantages： first, it exemplifies democracy＇s essence in a more rounded way; second, it improves the legitimacy of the village policies; third, it enhances villagers＇ sense of political efficacy, which helps maintain social stability in rural society. And therefore, following steps should be taken： the elections should show emphasis on the deliberative governance and perfect the elections with negotiation, and emphasis should be laid on the routine deliberative governance to improve the effectiveness of village self-governance.