LNG管道穿越的隧道工艺安全分析

Analysis on the process safety of LNG pipelines crossing tunnels

LNG接收站中的LNG管道穿越隧道因为涉及超低温管道穿越和甲类危险介质,其安全性便显得尤为重要。为此,参考已完成施工的国内第1条(世界第3条)LNG管道穿越的隧道工程,以工艺安全为前提,基于整个LNG接收站的安全设计理念,详细分析了隧道功能分区、安全设置以及操作条件等,以期为深入了解LNG管道穿越此类隧道的安全性提供了理论和数据基础。同时,还总结了隧道建设工程中的各类经验和教训:(1)整个隧道施工过程中,防水最为关键,需要充分考虑设计方案的施工可行性,要么延长工期增加成本、扩大隧道空间增加作业范围,或者寻找其他的替代方案,以做好隧道防水工程;(2)在施工方面,对于LNG隧道工程,应该着重加强施工规范化和标准化;(3)在LNG接收站项目整体规划中的每个阶段、每个上报文件中,都应该充分考虑隧道工程的规划;(4)对于LNG接收站的消防报审等事宜,要把LNG隧道工程作为整体项目不可分割的一部分,整个LNG接收站项目的所有审查均涵盖LNG隧道工程,因而不必单独对LNG隧道工程进行审查。

The LNG pipelines in LNG terminals passing through tunnels are involved in ultra-low temperature pipeline crossing and Class A hazardous media, so their safety is of great significance. In this paper, the functional partition, safety installation ano operation conu^- tion of tunnels were analyzed based on the case study on the China＇s first （the third in the world） LNG pipeline crossing tunnel engineer- ing. The analysis was based on the overall safety design concept of LNG terminals with the process safety as the precondition. It provides the data and theoretic basis for a better understanding of the safety of LNG pipeline passing through the similar tunnels. Meanwhile, various experiences and lessons of tunnel construction engineering were summarized as follows. First, waterproof design is the most cru- cial part in the whole process of tunnel construction, so it is necessary to analyze thoroughly the construction feasibility of design plans. Therefore, some solutions should be adopted, such as extending the construction period and increasing the cost, enlarging tunnel space and expanding operation scope. Second, in terms of the construction of LNG tunnel engineering, attention should be paid to construction normalization and standardization. Third, the planning of tunnel engineering should be considered sufficiently in each stage of overall planning of LNG terminal project and in each report submitted. And fourth, as for the matters concerned with the approval of LNG termi- nal （e.g. fire control）, the LNG tunnel engineering should be one indivisible part of the whole project. LNG tunnel engineering is covered in all the examination of LNG terminal project, so no independent examination is needed.