《魏书》的编纂特色与史学价值

Compilation Feature and Historical Value of Weishu

《魏书》编纂的成功与北魏政府长期重视本族史料的储备和魏收本人的史官生涯、修史经历、学术识见密切关联。在中国史学发展史上,《魏书》长期背负"秽史"的污名。实际上,魏收的著述旨趣在于编纂一部实录式的史学名著,这已为当代史家所阐明,同时亦被近年来的考古成果所印证。魏收以恢宏的视野梳理一代历史发展大势,将北魏历史的演进划分为四个阶段,其间体现了他对北魏历史盛衰的思考。《魏书》设置"十志",弥补了自《汉书》撰成至唐初近六百年间正史无志或有志而缺食货、刑法等重要内容的缺陷;《魏书》的编纂又突破前史体例,新设《官氏志》《释老志》,反映了北魏重门阀、崇佛教的时代特点。

The success of the compilation of Weishu is related to the history of being an official, experience of recording history, and academic knowledge of WEI Shou as well as the focusing on the reservation of scholars by the government of North Wei Dynasty. In the development history of historiography, Weishu is slandered as obscene. In fact, works of WEI Shou aims at compiling a true record of history expounded by contemporary his- torians and proved by archaeological discovery. WEI Shou with a great view sorts out historical trend and clas- sifies history of North Wei Dynasty into four stages, which reflects his thinking on the prosperity and decline of the dynasty. Weishu sets up ＂ten records＂, complimenting the lack of record of consumption and criminal law during the 600 years from Hanshu to early Tang Dynasty; it breaks through the tradition of classification and sets up Guanshuzhi and Shilaozhi parts which reflect the respect for official and Buddhism tradition in North Wei Dynasty.