述往思来:《新唐书》的编纂思想和特点

Historical Reflection and Future Thought:Compilation Idea and Feature of New Tangshu

《新唐书》是北宋中叶官方修史的重要成果,既有不屑五代衰世而借重修唐史以争正统的政治色彩,又有取法后王、以唐为鉴而巩固当朝统治的现实诉求,故其在"述往"之余,更着眼于"思来";不沾沾于史料保存,更注重历史思想层面的思索,具体反映在历史编纂方面,便是极为重视有唐一代的理乱兴衰和典章经制,在总结唐朝历史治乱问题上得出了许多深刻认识。同时,由于北宋与五代修史环境截然有别,文治大兴,所据文献见闻益广,故在一定程度上又可补《旧唐书》之阙。

New Tangshu is the great achievement of formal historical compilation in middle Song Dynasty and has political background to promote history of Tang Dynasty and ignore the decline in Five Dynasties. It also aims at learning from the lessons of Tang Dynasty in order to consolidate contemporary governing. It aims more at future than past; it weighs historical thinking over historical record, specifically in historical compilation, which pays great attention to ups and downs of Tang Dynasty and its regulations and summary of administra- tion over chaos. At the same time, due to the different compilation environment between North Song Dynasty and Five Dynasties, as well as the great amount of historical literature, it can contribute to the lack of Old Tangshu.