为何中国“人力资本红利”释放受阻?——人力资本错配的视角

Why is Human Capital Dividend Release Blocked?——The Perspective of Human Capital Mismatch

本文实证结果显示,人力资本错配使得大规模的研发投入并没有实现技术进步,导致产业动态比较优势演进迟滞以及经济稳定增长动力不足并存。然而,无论是相对于国内其他行业还是国外同类行业,中国事业型单位或行业、垄断性行业、非生产性行业都有着极高的人力资本强度,而市场化程度高的行业和部门,人力资本水平一般都低于其他国家。本文的政策含义为:在加快人力资本积累的同时,实现人力资本适宜匹配,最大限度释放人力资本红利,助推供给侧结构性改革,从而实现经济的平稳过渡和适度增长。

The empirical results show that the human capital mismatch makes large-scale R＆D not realize technological progress, industrial dynamic comparative advantage hysteresis and steady economic growth underpowered. Further study finds that China＇s high-fliers unit, monopoly industries and non-productive industry have a high intensity of human capital, and high degree of marketization of the industry with loWer the human capital level than in other countries. The policy implications of this paper are as follows： at the same time of speeding up human capital accumulation; optimum matching of human capital and the maximum release human capital dividend, so as to boost supply side structural reforms and to realize the smooth transition of the economy and the moderate growth.