更年期患者的就诊特点研究

Characteristic of Patients with Climacteric Problems in Seeking Treatment

目的探讨更年期患者的就诊特点,为开展更年期女性保健工作提供数据参考。方法选取2012年9月—2014年12月就诊于北京大学第一医院更年期综合管理门诊的女性更年期患者1 031例。采用自行设计的问卷对纳入患者进行调查,主要内容包括基本情况、月经及绝经相关症状、既往已明确诊断的病史。同时测量患者的身高、体质量及腰围,并计算BMI。结果共回收有效问卷1 007份,问卷有效回收率为97.7%。患者的中位年龄为51(6)岁,专科及以上学历609例(60.5%),个人月收入≥3 000元598例(59.4%)。处于绝经期446例(44.3%),其中自然绝经338例(75.8%),中位绝经年龄为49(5)岁。绝经相关症状中感到疲乏807例(80.1%),对失眠感到苦恼734例(72.9%),对更年期持积极态度595例(59.1%)。合并中心性肥胖551例(54.7%),合并超重326例(32.4%),合并高脂血症132例(13.1%),合并高血压132例(13.1%)。结论就诊的更年期患者以绝经期、高学历、中高收入女性为主,合并中心性肥胖、高脂血症、高血压等慢性病的比例较高,应重视全民更年期保健工作,对更年期女性进行慢性病筛查,以提高社会整体健康水平。

Objective To study the characteristic of patients with climacteric problems in seeking treatment,and to provide data for the health work of climacteric women. Methods A retrospective analysis of 1 031 patients with climacteric problems admitted to the climacteric general management clinic of Peking University First Hospital from September 2012 to December 2014 was carried out. Self- designed questionnaires including the basic information, menstrual and menopausal symptoms,and medical history of definite diagnosis were used to investigate the enrolled subjects. Body height,body weight and waist circumference were measured,and BMI was calculated. Results A total of 1 007 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective response rate was 97. 7%. The median age of the patients was 51（ 6）,609（ 60. 5%） had a college degree or above,and 598（ 59. 4%） had an individual monthly income equal to or over 3 000 yuan. 44. 3%（ 446 cases） of the patients were in postmenopausal period,75. 8%（ 338 cases） of them had gone through natural menopause, and the median age of menopause was 49（ 5）. Concerning the menopausal symptoms,807 patients（ 80. 1%） felt tired,734（ 72. 9%） was worried about insomnia,595（ 59. 1%） had active attitude towards climacteric. There were 551（ 54. 7%） patients combining with central obesity,326（ 32. 4%） combining with overweight,132（ 13. 1%） combining with hyperlipidemia and 132（ 13. 1%）combining with hypertension. Conclusion Most of the patients with climacteric problems in seeking treatment are menopausal and high educated women in upper middle income group. The proportion of patients combined with central obesity,hyperlipidemia and hypertension is relatively high. Thus we should pay attention to the menopausal health care of the whole people, and conduct chronic disease screening for menopausal women so as to improve the overall health of society.