近代长江中下游灯塔体系及其防护

Lighthouse system and its protection in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in early modern China

灯塔对近代航运发展和航道安全而言具有举足轻重的意义。传统研究更多是从全国层面切入或以沿海地区为中心分析灯塔的发展变迁,并未对内河特别是长江流域的灯塔建设进程及其所面临的安全问题进行过专门讨论,忽视了内河流域相较于沿海地区在灯塔建设防护中的特殊性。利用灯塔表和相关报刊资料对长江中下游灯塔发展及其防护措施的变化进行分析发现,由于灯塔建设中资金不足、人员较少、防护措施简陋和配套制度不够完善,长江中下游的灯塔及其人员比沿海灯塔和灯塔职员更容易成为盗窃和抢劫犯罪的目标,这种风险的存在也影响到航运和航行人员的安全。

Lighthouse is a significant factor for shipping safety and development. The existing researches have mostly concentrat- ed on lighthouse development and management in the whole of China or coastal China, but ignored the lighthouse construction and the safety problems of the inland rivers, especially the Yangtze River which is very different from the coastal area. With a study of various lighthouse lists and newspaper materials, this paper analyzes the changes of the lighthouse development and management in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Rive in early modern China, and reaches the following conclusions ： there is a lack of construction funds and light keepers, poor protective measures and mechanism; the lighthouses are more often stolen and light keepers are more often robbed than those in the coastal area, which causes safety problems for the ships and navigators along the Yangtze River.