中国当下依法治国对孙中山“训政”思想的新发展——关于中国法治现代化阶段论的思考

China's present ruling the country by law as a new contribution to Sun Yat-sen's political instruction:Reflections on the staged modernization of rule by law in China

当前中国特色社会主义法治与孙中山先生的"训政"相比,两者相似之处在于都坚持一党执政,并将此视为法治现代化进程中不可或缺的一个阶段性特征;不同之处在于两者的内容和性质发生了根本变化。内容的变化主要体现在社会基础发生巨大变化和民主成分获得较大增长;性质的变化主要体现在它不再是资本主义而是中国特色社会主义性质。以一党长期执政、不搞西方多党竞争为特点的中国特色社会主义法治长期存在的原因是:中国属于后发的政府主导的赶超型现代化国家,没有形成橄榄形社会结构,需要通过建立能够集中力量办大事的政治体制,实现中国的"富"与"强"。

Comparing China＇s socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with Dr, Sun Yat-sen＇s political instruction, one may find that their commonality is that both adhere to the ＂one-party rule＂, which is regarded as an indispensable stage in the process of modernization of the rule of law, while their difference is that both content and nature have changed radically. Specif- ically, the change of the latter＇s content is mainly reflected in the great changes of its social foundation and a conspicuous growth of democratic components ; the change of its nature is mainly reflected in its socialism with Chinese characteristics rather than capitalism. The reasons for maintaining a long-term ruling party rather than the Western multi-party competition are as follows： China, a government-led late-developing country for quick modernization, has not formed the olive-shaped social structure, and needs an efficient political system that can concentrate our forces on major tasks for realizing our national prosperity and interna- tional influence.