匈奴姻亲氏族与其职掌

Affinity Clans of Xiongnu and Their Power

姻亲氏族与孪鞮氏构成匈奴社会结构的主干,其中孪鞮氏处于绝对的核心地位,姻亲氏族则是其从属。但自公元前60年1屠耆堂为单于后,姻亲氏族在匈奴社会中地位和职掌开始发生重要的变化。此前单于姻亲氏族常留庭辅助单于,处理刑狱事务,但此后姻亲氏族开始掌握匈奴的军权,并驻守地方、直接统领其部众,捍卫单于庭。姻亲氏族职掌变化的原因,既以其与单于世代通婚的姻亲身份为基础,又有匈奴内部单于位继承矛盾和外部汉朝某些政策的推动。在匈奴社会结构中,姻亲氏族的存在与其职掌的变化,对于匈奴社会发展变化起到过重要的历史作用,值得学术界深入研究。

Affinity clans and luandishi （or luandi clan ）constituted the backbone of the Xiongnu＇s social structure, among which luandishi was in the dominant position while those affinity clans were subordinate. But affinity clans＇ status in Xiongnu society started to change since Tuqitang became Chanyu（ chief of Xiongnu in ancient China ） in 60 B. C. The reason for affinity clans＇ change of their position was not only due to their affinity relations with Chanyu, but also due to the internal contradictions on the succession of Chanyu, and the influence of the Han Dynasty＇s polices. The presence of affinity clans and the change of their position had played an important historical role in Xiongnu＇s social development, thus it is worth of doing an in- depth academic study in this field.