青岛市崂山区学龄前儿童乳牙龋病现状调查

CARIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN LAOSHAN DISTRICT OF QINGDAO:A STATUS SURVEY

目的了解青岛市崂山区3-6岁儿童患龋情况及其与儿童生长发育的关系,为开展龋病预防提供依据。方法对青岛市崂山区所辖24所幼儿园共2 909例3-6岁儿童进行口腔健康检查,记录每个儿童的患龋状况,包括龋失补牙数及患龋牙位;同时测量身高、体质量,计算体质量指数（BMI）,并分析乳牙的患龋状况与BMI相关性。结果儿童3岁组、4岁组、5岁组、6岁组的患龋率分别为24.50%、32.14%、38.58%、47.66%,各组患龋者龋均分别为3.13、3.29、3.65、3.58;患龋率及患龋者龋均随着年龄的增长而呈上升趋势,各年龄组间患龋率差异有显著性（χ^2=65.45,P〈0.05）。上颌乳中切牙患龋率高于下颌,下颌乳磨牙患龋率高于上颌乳磨牙,差异有显著性（χ^2=211.65,P〈0.05）。乳牙患龋牙位呈明显的左右对称性。不同性别之间患龋率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。不同BMI分组儿童患龋情况比较差异无显著性,且患龋情况与BMI无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论青岛市崂山区3-6岁儿童口腔患龋率较高,龋病与儿童生长发育并无相关性,应继续积极开展学龄前儿童龋病早期预防工作。

Objective To investigate the caries status in 3-6 years old children in Laoshan district of Qingdao and provide information for its prevention. Methods An investigation was carried out in 2 909 children of 3-6-year-old in 24 kindergartens of Qingdao Laoshan District. An oral health examination was conducted in all of them, the dental caries status of every child, including the draft and the number of caries teeth, was recorded, at the same time, body weight and height of the kids were measured, and BMI calculated. The correlation between dental caries status of deciduous teeth with BMI was analyzed. Results The prevalence rates of caries in kids of 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-year-old groups were 24.50% ,32.14% ,38,58% and 47.66%, respectively, and the draft was 3.13,3.29,3.65 and 3.58. The prevalence of caries and draft increased and were on the rise, and the differences in prevalence of caries among the age groups were significant （x^2 =65.45, P 〈0.05）. The caries rate of maxillary milk teeth was higher than that of mandibular ones, and that of mandibular decidulous molars was higher than that of maxillary decidulous molars （x^2=211.65,P〈0.05）. The caries of milk teeth showed obvious symmetry of the left and right. The difference in caries rate between different genders was not significant （P〉0.05） and so did among different BMI groups （P 〉0.05）. No relationship was found between caries status and BMI （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The status of oral caries in preschool children of Qingdaos is not optimistic. There is no correlation between caries and children growth. Early prevention of dental caries in preschool children should be continuously and actively carried out.