晚期现代性时代的哲学——对马尔库什《文化、科学、社会》的反思

Philosophy in the times of late modernity:Reflections on Gyrgy Mrkus's Culture,Science,Society

马尔库什的(现代)文化哲学的一个核心观点是启蒙计划以深层的、明显不可解决的悖论(antinomies)而告终。但是,与大多数"后现代"思想家不同,马尔库什认为启蒙的承诺不能也不应该被放弃。这种张力存在于启蒙的失败与不能放弃启蒙的承诺之间,一方面启蒙想要创建自由的社会和平等的人,使每个人都能借助于理性高雅文化资源自律地生活,然而失败了;另一方面完全抛弃启蒙的承诺又是不可能的、不理想的,我们可以在马尔库什的"晚期现代性的悖论"中找到这种表述。本文对于马尔库什的概念进行了一种解释;认为马尔库什运用的"悖论"一词具有某种歧义性(在三种不同意义上的"矛盾对立"、"价值冲突"和"概念的非连贯性"之间来回摆动),同时指出马尔库什的追求与前两种意义一致,但是与第三种意义不一致,因此,第三种意义应该被抛弃。

It is a central claim of Gy rgy M irkus＇ s philosophy of （modern） culture that the Enlightenment project ended up in deep, apparently irresolvable antinomies. But,unlike the majority of ‘ postmodern＇ thinkers, M rkus insists that the commitments of the Enlightenment cannot and should not be given up. This tension between the failure of the Enlightenment to produce a society of free and equal persons, each leading their lives autonomously, drawing on the resources of rational high culture, and the impossibility and undesirability of the abandonment of the commitments of the Enlightenment finds an expression in what M irkus calls ‘ the antinomies of late modernity＇. This paper offers an interpretation of M rkus＇ s conception ; it identifies a certain ambiguity in M irkus＇ s use of the term ‘ antinomies＇ （ a wobbling among three different senses as ‘ pairs of opposites ＇ ,‘conflicts of values＇ and ＇ conceptual incoherence＇ ）, and suggests that M rkus＇ s ambition is compatible with maintaining the first two but is failed by the third one which should, therefore, be abandoned.