动脉优先联合血管切除重建治疗胰头癌的临床效果

The clinical impact of artery-first approach combined with vascular resection and reconstruction in the treatment of pancreatic head carcinoma

目的探讨动脉优先、联合血管切除重建在胰头癌治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2014年2月至2016年3月厦门大学附属成功医院收治的13例胰头癌患者的临床资料，术前薄层CT或磁共振成像检查均显示胰头癌与部分肠系膜上静脉或门静脉血管壁无间隙，肠系膜上静脉或门静脉局限受压、移位或部分狭窄。术中采用动脉优先技术探查的同时，充分显露胰头部所有动脉血供并优先离断，然后联合血管切除重建整块切除肿瘤。结果13例胰头癌患者中，成功完成联合血管切除重建根治性胰十二指肠切除术12例，序贯性根治性全胰腺切除1例；血管局部楔形切除直接修复重建4例，节段切除联合端端缝合5例，节段切除联合人工血管移植重建4例。13例患者的手术时间为（327.2±65.5）min，术中出血量为（472.6±226.4）ml。患者术后并发胃排空障碍1例，胰瘘2例，均经保守治疗后治愈，无胆瘘、胃肠瘘、腹腔感染、肺部感染、腹泻、低血糖、血管栓塞等并发症，无围手术期死亡病例。术后病理诊断均为胰腺导管腺癌，肿瘤直径为（4.2±1.5）cm。胰周淋巴结切除（13.6±2.5）枚，转移（3.8±1.5）枚。11例血管外膜见肿瘤细胞浸润，2例血管内膜见肿瘤浸润，切除标本所有切缘均阴性。全部患者均获得随访，2例患者分别于术后11个月及18个月因肝转移死亡，1例患者术后13个月局部复发带瘤生存，其余患者均未见肿瘤复发和转移。结论动脉优先、联合血管切除重建在胰头癌治疗中是安全、有效、可行的，可提高手术的R0切除率。

Objective To evaluate the application of artery first, combined vascular resection and reconstruction in the treatment of pancreatic head carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 13 patients with pancreatic head cancer were retrospectively analyzed from February 2014 to March 2016 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. Preoperative computed tomography of high resolution layer or magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated pancreatic head carcinoma, as well as close adhesion, stenosis, compression or displacement of superior mesenteric vein or portal vein wall. In the operation, the artery first approach was used and the whole arterial blood supply in the head of the pancreas was fully exposed and interdicted. Finally, en block resection and vascular resection and reconstruction was adopted. Results 12 of 13 patients had panereatoduodenectomy synchronously with vascular resection and reconstruction; the other patient had these two surgery sequentially. Four patients received blood vessel wedge resection, five had segmental resection combined with end to end suture, and four had segmental resection combined with artificial vascular graft reconstruction. Operation time was （327.2±65.5） minutes, and the amount of blood loss was （472.6±226.4） millilitres. One patient suffered from delayed gastric emptying,and two patients had pancreatic fistula. All patients recovered from postoperative complications by conservative treatment. No patients developed biliary fistula, gastrointestinal fistula, abdominal infection, pulmonary infection,diarrhea, hypoglycemia or other complications, and none died in perioperative period. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mean tumor diameter was （ 4.2±1.5） cm, and （ 3.8±1.5） metastasis were found in （13.6±2.5） reseeted lymph nodes. In 11 cases, the tumor cells were found in the outer membrane of blood vessels, 2 cases were found to have tumor invasion in the inner membrane, and all the resection margins were negative. All patients were followed up, and 2 patients died of liver metastasis 11 months and 18 months after operation, respectively. One patient survived with local recurrence of tumor 13 months after surgery. Other patients had no tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusions The artery first approeh combined vaseular resection and reeonstruction is safe effective and feasible in the treatment of pancreatic head carcinoma. It can improve the ablation rate of panereatoduodenectomy.