美国高等教育治理体系的结构与特征

Structure and Advantages of Higher Education Governance System in the United States

美国高等教育治理体系具有多元共治的结构特征,具体表现在法权主体的多元性,法权结构的多维性,法权系统的协同性等方面。总体上,美国高等教育治理体系表现为三角权力的横向结构和六个层级的纵向结构。美国的公共治理注重分类规则的运用,其优势特征体现在治理文化、治理制度和治理结构等方面,用知识共同体标准塑造大学治理文化,构建合作、共治、平衡的网状高等教育治理结构,在此基础上作出多方协同的制度安排。

The governance of higher education in the United States has the basic characteristics of multiple governance, whose system has three characteristics： the diversity of the subject of rights; the multidimensional nature of the structure of rights; the collaboration of legal system. Among them, the governance structure is represented by the horizontal structure of the triangle power and the vertical structure of the six levels. The governance of higher education in the United States pay great attention to the use of classification rules, it has many advantage which are embodied in the three aspects of governance culture, governance system and governance structure, the United States establish the governance culture of university with knowledge community standards, construct the governance structure of cooperation, co- governance and balance, and make the system arrangement of multiple-subject collaboration.